Lab 1
Jude Sullivan
1/20/2022
Introduction
Welcome everyone! My name is Jude and I am a senior at the University of South Florida. I am majoring in Psychology and Aging Sciences and hope to attend a graduate program in Social Psychology in the fall.
Research Interests
- Intersectionality, specifically through race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation
- Stereotypes, stigma, and prejudice
- Self-construal in diverse individuals
- Health outcomes and disparities
- Life course approaches
Hobbies
In my free time, I love to travel, try out new recipes, and go thrifting with friends. Since the pandemic broke out, I have accumulated nearly 20 plants!
Fun fact: I have visited 7 countries:
- Canada
- Jamaica
- Spain
- Italy
- France
- Malta
- England
Picture of Mdina, Malta
Picture of Genoa, Italy
Picture in Sicily, Italy
Exploring Penguins
Let’s explore some penguins!
library(tibble)library(palmerpenguins)
palmerpenguins::penguins## # A tibble: 344 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181 3750
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186 3800
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18 195 3250
## 4 Adelie Torgersen NA NA NA NA
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193 3450
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190 3650
## 7 Adelie Torgersen 38.9 17.8 181 3625
## 8 Adelie Torgersen 39.2 19.6 195 4675
## 9 Adelie Torgersen 34.1 18.1 193 3475
## 10 Adelie Torgersen 42 20.2 190 4250
## # … with 334 more rows, and 2 more variables: sex <fct>, year <int>penguins_tbl <- as_tibble(penguins)
penguins## # A tibble: 344 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181 3750
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186 3800
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18 195 3250
## 4 Adelie Torgersen NA NA NA NA
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193 3450
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190 3650
## 7 Adelie Torgersen 38.9 17.8 181 3625
## 8 Adelie Torgersen 39.2 19.6 195 4675
## 9 Adelie Torgersen 34.1 18.1 193 3475
## 10 Adelie Torgersen 42 20.2 190 4250
## # … with 334 more rows, and 2 more variables: sex <fct>, year <int>penguins_tbl## # A tibble: 344 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181 3750
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186 3800
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18 195 3250
## 4 Adelie Torgersen NA NA NA NA
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193 3450
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190 3650
## 7 Adelie Torgersen 38.9 17.8 181 3625
## 8 Adelie Torgersen 39.2 19.6 195 4675
## 9 Adelie Torgersen 34.1 18.1 193 3475
## 10 Adelie Torgersen 42 20.2 190 4250
## # … with 334 more rows, and 2 more variables: sex <fct>, year <int>knitr::kable(penguins_tbl)| species | island | bill_length_mm | bill_depth_mm | flipper_length_mm | body_mass_g | sex | year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.1 | 18.7 | 181 | 3750 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.5 | 17.4 | 186 | 3800 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 40.3 | 18.0 | 195 | 3250 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 36.7 | 19.3 | 193 | 3450 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.3 | 20.6 | 190 | 3650 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 38.9 | 17.8 | 181 | 3625 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.2 | 19.6 | 195 | 4675 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 34.1 | 18.1 | 193 | 3475 | NA | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 42.0 | 20.2 | 190 | 4250 | NA | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 37.8 | 17.1 | 186 | 3300 | NA | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 37.8 | 17.3 | 180 | 3700 | NA | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 41.1 | 17.6 | 182 | 3200 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 38.6 | 21.2 | 191 | 3800 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 34.6 | 21.1 | 198 | 4400 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 36.6 | 17.8 | 185 | 3700 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 38.7 | 19.0 | 195 | 3450 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 42.5 | 20.7 | 197 | 4500 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 34.4 | 18.4 | 184 | 3325 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 46.0 | 21.5 | 194 | 4200 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.8 | 18.3 | 174 | 3400 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.7 | 18.7 | 180 | 3600 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 35.9 | 19.2 | 189 | 3800 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 38.2 | 18.1 | 185 | 3950 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 38.8 | 17.2 | 180 | 3800 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 35.3 | 18.9 | 187 | 3800 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 40.6 | 18.6 | 183 | 3550 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 40.5 | 17.9 | 187 | 3200 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.9 | 18.6 | 172 | 3150 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 40.5 | 18.9 | 180 | 3950 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.5 | 16.7 | 178 | 3250 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.2 | 18.1 | 178 | 3900 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.5 | 17.8 | 188 | 3300 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.9 | 18.9 | 184 | 3900 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.4 | 17.0 | 195 | 3325 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.2 | 21.1 | 196 | 4150 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 38.8 | 20.0 | 190 | 3950 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 42.2 | 18.5 | 180 | 3550 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.6 | 19.3 | 181 | 3300 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.8 | 19.1 | 184 | 4650 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.5 | 18.0 | 182 | 3150 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.8 | 18.4 | 195 | 3900 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.0 | 18.5 | 186 | 3100 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 44.1 | 19.7 | 196 | 4400 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.0 | 16.9 | 185 | 3000 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.6 | 18.8 | 190 | 4600 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 41.1 | 19.0 | 182 | 3425 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.5 | 18.9 | 179 | 2975 | NA | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.0 | 17.9 | 190 | 3450 | female | 2007 |
| Adelie | Dream | 42.3 | 21.2 | 191 | 4150 | male | 2007 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 39.6 | 17.7 | 186 | 3500 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 40.1 | 18.9 | 188 | 4300 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 35.0 | 17.9 | 190 | 3450 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 42.0 | 19.5 | 200 | 4050 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 34.5 | 18.1 | 187 | 2900 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 41.4 | 18.6 | 191 | 3700 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 39.0 | 17.5 | 186 | 3550 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 40.6 | 18.8 | 193 | 3800 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 36.5 | 16.6 | 181 | 2850 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.6 | 19.1 | 194 | 3750 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 35.7 | 16.9 | 185 | 3150 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 41.3 | 21.1 | 195 | 4400 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.6 | 17.0 | 185 | 3600 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 41.1 | 18.2 | 192 | 4050 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 36.4 | 17.1 | 184 | 2850 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 41.6 | 18.0 | 192 | 3950 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 35.5 | 16.2 | 195 | 3350 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 41.1 | 19.1 | 188 | 4100 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 35.9 | 16.6 | 190 | 3050 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 41.8 | 19.4 | 198 | 4450 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 33.5 | 19.0 | 190 | 3600 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.7 | 18.4 | 190 | 3900 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.6 | 17.2 | 196 | 3550 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 45.8 | 18.9 | 197 | 4150 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 35.5 | 17.5 | 190 | 3700 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 42.8 | 18.5 | 195 | 4250 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 40.9 | 16.8 | 191 | 3700 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 37.2 | 19.4 | 184 | 3900 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 36.2 | 16.1 | 187 | 3550 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 42.1 | 19.1 | 195 | 4000 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 34.6 | 17.2 | 189 | 3200 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 42.9 | 17.6 | 196 | 4700 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 36.7 | 18.8 | 187 | 3800 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 35.1 | 19.4 | 193 | 4200 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.3 | 17.8 | 191 | 3350 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 41.3 | 20.3 | 194 | 3550 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.3 | 19.5 | 190 | 3800 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.9 | 18.6 | 189 | 3500 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 38.3 | 19.2 | 189 | 3950 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 38.9 | 18.8 | 190 | 3600 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 35.7 | 18.0 | 202 | 3550 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 41.1 | 18.1 | 205 | 4300 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 34.0 | 17.1 | 185 | 3400 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.6 | 18.1 | 186 | 4450 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.2 | 17.3 | 187 | 3300 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.8 | 18.9 | 208 | 4300 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 38.1 | 18.6 | 190 | 3700 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.3 | 18.5 | 196 | 4350 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 33.1 | 16.1 | 178 | 2900 | female | 2008 |
| Adelie | Dream | 43.2 | 18.5 | 192 | 4100 | male | 2008 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 35.0 | 17.9 | 192 | 3725 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 41.0 | 20.0 | 203 | 4725 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.7 | 16.0 | 183 | 3075 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.8 | 20.0 | 190 | 4250 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 37.9 | 18.6 | 193 | 2925 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 39.7 | 18.9 | 184 | 3550 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 38.6 | 17.2 | 199 | 3750 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 38.2 | 20.0 | 190 | 3900 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 38.1 | 17.0 | 181 | 3175 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 43.2 | 19.0 | 197 | 4775 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 38.1 | 16.5 | 198 | 3825 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 45.6 | 20.3 | 191 | 4600 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 39.7 | 17.7 | 193 | 3200 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 42.2 | 19.5 | 197 | 4275 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 39.6 | 20.7 | 191 | 3900 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Biscoe | 42.7 | 18.3 | 196 | 4075 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 38.6 | 17.0 | 188 | 2900 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 37.3 | 20.5 | 199 | 3775 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 35.7 | 17.0 | 189 | 3350 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 41.1 | 18.6 | 189 | 3325 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 36.2 | 17.2 | 187 | 3150 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 37.7 | 19.8 | 198 | 3500 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 40.2 | 17.0 | 176 | 3450 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 41.4 | 18.5 | 202 | 3875 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 35.2 | 15.9 | 186 | 3050 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 40.6 | 19.0 | 199 | 4000 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 38.8 | 17.6 | 191 | 3275 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 41.5 | 18.3 | 195 | 4300 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 39.0 | 17.1 | 191 | 3050 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 44.1 | 18.0 | 210 | 4000 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 38.5 | 17.9 | 190 | 3325 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Torgersen | 43.1 | 19.2 | 197 | 3500 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.8 | 18.5 | 193 | 3500 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.5 | 18.5 | 199 | 4475 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 38.1 | 17.6 | 187 | 3425 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 41.1 | 17.5 | 190 | 3900 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 35.6 | 17.5 | 191 | 3175 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.2 | 20.1 | 200 | 3975 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.0 | 16.5 | 185 | 3400 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.7 | 17.9 | 193 | 4250 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.2 | 17.1 | 193 | 3400 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.6 | 17.2 | 187 | 3475 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 32.1 | 15.5 | 188 | 3050 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 40.7 | 17.0 | 190 | 3725 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.3 | 16.8 | 192 | 3000 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.0 | 18.7 | 185 | 3650 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 39.2 | 18.6 | 190 | 4250 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.6 | 18.4 | 184 | 3475 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.0 | 17.8 | 195 | 3450 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 37.8 | 18.1 | 193 | 3750 | male | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 36.0 | 17.1 | 187 | 3700 | female | 2009 |
| Adelie | Dream | 41.5 | 18.5 | 201 | 4000 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.1 | 13.2 | 211 | 4500 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.0 | 16.3 | 230 | 5700 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.7 | 14.1 | 210 | 4450 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.0 | 15.2 | 218 | 5700 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.6 | 14.5 | 215 | 5400 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.5 | 13.5 | 210 | 4550 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.4 | 14.6 | 211 | 4800 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.7 | 15.3 | 219 | 5200 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.3 | 13.4 | 209 | 4400 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.8 | 15.4 | 215 | 5150 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 40.9 | 13.7 | 214 | 4650 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.0 | 16.1 | 216 | 5550 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.5 | 13.7 | 214 | 4650 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.4 | 14.6 | 213 | 5850 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.8 | 14.6 | 210 | 4200 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.3 | 15.7 | 217 | 5850 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 42.0 | 13.5 | 210 | 4150 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.2 | 15.2 | 221 | 6300 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.2 | 14.5 | 209 | 4800 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.7 | 15.1 | 222 | 5350 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.2 | 14.3 | 218 | 5700 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.1 | 14.5 | 215 | 5000 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.5 | 14.5 | 213 | 4400 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.3 | 15.8 | 215 | 5050 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 42.9 | 13.1 | 215 | 5000 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.1 | 15.1 | 215 | 5100 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.5 | 14.3 | 216 | 4100 | NA | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.8 | 15.0 | 215 | 5650 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.2 | 14.3 | 210 | 4600 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.0 | 15.3 | 220 | 5550 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.3 | 15.3 | 222 | 5250 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 42.8 | 14.2 | 209 | 4700 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.1 | 14.5 | 207 | 5050 | female | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 59.6 | 17.0 | 230 | 6050 | male | 2007 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.1 | 14.8 | 220 | 5150 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.4 | 16.3 | 220 | 5400 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 42.6 | 13.7 | 213 | 4950 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.4 | 17.3 | 219 | 5250 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.0 | 13.6 | 208 | 4350 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.7 | 15.7 | 208 | 5350 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 42.7 | 13.7 | 208 | 3950 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.6 | 16.0 | 225 | 5700 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.3 | 13.7 | 210 | 4300 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.6 | 15.0 | 216 | 4750 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.5 | 15.9 | 222 | 5550 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.6 | 13.9 | 217 | 4900 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.5 | 13.9 | 210 | 4200 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.5 | 15.9 | 225 | 5400 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.9 | 13.3 | 213 | 5100 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.2 | 15.8 | 215 | 5300 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.6 | 14.2 | 210 | 4850 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.5 | 14.1 | 220 | 5300 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.1 | 14.4 | 210 | 4400 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.1 | 15.0 | 225 | 5000 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.5 | 14.4 | 217 | 4900 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.0 | 15.4 | 220 | 5050 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.8 | 13.9 | 208 | 4300 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.5 | 15.0 | 220 | 5000 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.2 | 14.5 | 208 | 4450 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.4 | 15.3 | 224 | 5550 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.3 | 13.8 | 208 | 4200 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.2 | 14.9 | 221 | 5300 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.7 | 13.9 | 214 | 4400 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 54.3 | 15.7 | 231 | 5650 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.8 | 14.2 | 219 | 4700 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.8 | 16.8 | 230 | 5700 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.2 | 14.4 | 214 | 4650 | NA | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.5 | 16.2 | 229 | 5800 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.5 | 14.2 | 220 | 4700 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.7 | 15.0 | 223 | 5550 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.7 | 15.0 | 216 | 4750 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.4 | 15.6 | 221 | 5000 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.2 | 15.6 | 221 | 5100 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.5 | 14.8 | 217 | 5200 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.4 | 15.0 | 216 | 4700 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.6 | 16.0 | 230 | 5800 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.5 | 14.2 | 209 | 4600 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 51.1 | 16.3 | 220 | 6000 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.2 | 13.8 | 215 | 4750 | female | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.2 | 16.4 | 223 | 5950 | male | 2008 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.1 | 14.5 | 212 | 4625 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 52.5 | 15.6 | 221 | 5450 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.4 | 14.6 | 212 | 4725 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.0 | 15.9 | 224 | 5350 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.9 | 13.8 | 212 | 4750 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.8 | 17.3 | 228 | 5600 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.4 | 14.4 | 218 | 4600 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 51.3 | 14.2 | 218 | 5300 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.5 | 14.0 | 212 | 4875 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 52.1 | 17.0 | 230 | 5550 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.5 | 15.0 | 218 | 4950 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 52.2 | 17.1 | 228 | 5400 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.5 | 14.5 | 212 | 4750 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.5 | 16.1 | 224 | 5650 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.5 | 14.7 | 214 | 4850 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.8 | 15.7 | 226 | 5200 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.4 | 15.8 | 216 | 4925 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.9 | 14.6 | 222 | 4875 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.4 | 14.4 | 203 | 4625 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 51.1 | 16.5 | 225 | 5250 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.5 | 15.0 | 219 | 4850 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 55.9 | 17.0 | 228 | 5600 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.2 | 15.5 | 215 | 4975 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.1 | 15.0 | 228 | 5500 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.3 | 13.8 | 216 | 4725 | NA | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.8 | 16.1 | 215 | 5500 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 41.7 | 14.7 | 210 | 4700 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 53.4 | 15.8 | 219 | 5500 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.3 | 14.0 | 208 | 4575 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.1 | 15.1 | 209 | 5500 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.5 | 15.2 | 216 | 5000 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.8 | 15.9 | 229 | 5950 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 43.5 | 15.2 | 213 | 4650 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 51.5 | 16.3 | 230 | 5500 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.2 | 14.1 | 217 | 4375 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 55.1 | 16.0 | 230 | 5850 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 44.5 | 15.7 | 217 | 4875 | NA | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 48.8 | 16.2 | 222 | 6000 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 47.2 | 13.7 | 214 | 4925 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 46.8 | 14.3 | 215 | 4850 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 50.4 | 15.7 | 222 | 5750 | male | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 45.2 | 14.8 | 212 | 5200 | female | 2009 |
| Gentoo | Biscoe | 49.9 | 16.1 | 213 | 5400 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.5 | 17.9 | 192 | 3500 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.0 | 19.5 | 196 | 3900 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.3 | 19.2 | 193 | 3650 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.4 | 18.7 | 188 | 3525 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 52.7 | 19.8 | 197 | 3725 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.2 | 17.8 | 198 | 3950 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.1 | 18.2 | 178 | 3250 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.3 | 18.2 | 197 | 3750 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.0 | 18.9 | 195 | 4150 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.3 | 19.9 | 198 | 3700 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.6 | 17.8 | 193 | 3800 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.7 | 20.3 | 194 | 3775 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 47.0 | 17.3 | 185 | 3700 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 52.0 | 18.1 | 201 | 4050 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.9 | 17.1 | 190 | 3575 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.5 | 19.6 | 201 | 4050 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.3 | 20.0 | 197 | 3300 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 58.0 | 17.8 | 181 | 3700 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.4 | 18.6 | 190 | 3450 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.2 | 18.2 | 195 | 4400 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 42.4 | 17.3 | 181 | 3600 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 48.5 | 17.5 | 191 | 3400 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 43.2 | 16.6 | 187 | 2900 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.6 | 19.4 | 193 | 3800 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.7 | 17.9 | 195 | 3300 | female | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 52.0 | 19.0 | 197 | 4150 | male | 2007 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.5 | 18.4 | 200 | 3400 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.5 | 19.0 | 200 | 3800 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.4 | 17.8 | 191 | 3700 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 52.8 | 20.0 | 205 | 4550 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 40.9 | 16.6 | 187 | 3200 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 54.2 | 20.8 | 201 | 4300 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 42.5 | 16.7 | 187 | 3350 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.0 | 18.8 | 203 | 4100 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.7 | 18.6 | 195 | 3600 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 47.5 | 16.8 | 199 | 3900 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 47.6 | 18.3 | 195 | 3850 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 52.0 | 20.7 | 210 | 4800 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.9 | 16.6 | 192 | 2700 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 53.5 | 19.9 | 205 | 4500 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.0 | 19.5 | 210 | 3950 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.2 | 17.5 | 187 | 3650 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.9 | 19.1 | 196 | 3550 | male | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.5 | 17.0 | 196 | 3500 | female | 2008 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.9 | 17.9 | 196 | 3675 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.8 | 18.5 | 201 | 4450 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.1 | 17.9 | 190 | 3400 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.0 | 19.6 | 212 | 4300 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.5 | 18.7 | 187 | 3250 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.8 | 17.3 | 198 | 3675 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 48.1 | 16.4 | 199 | 3325 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.4 | 19.0 | 201 | 3950 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.7 | 17.3 | 193 | 3600 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.7 | 19.7 | 203 | 4050 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 42.5 | 17.3 | 187 | 3350 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 52.2 | 18.8 | 197 | 3450 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.2 | 16.6 | 191 | 3250 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.3 | 19.9 | 203 | 4050 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.2 | 18.8 | 202 | 3800 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.6 | 19.4 | 194 | 3525 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 51.9 | 19.5 | 206 | 3950 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 46.8 | 16.5 | 189 | 3650 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 45.7 | 17.0 | 195 | 3650 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 55.8 | 19.8 | 207 | 4000 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 43.5 | 18.1 | 202 | 3400 | female | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 49.6 | 18.2 | 193 | 3775 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.8 | 19.0 | 210 | 4100 | male | 2009 |
| Chinstrap | Dream | 50.2 | 18.7 | 198 | 3775 | female | 2009 |
What is the average bill length of all penguins in the sample?
penguins$bill_length_mm## [1] 39.1 39.5 40.3 NA 36.7 39.3 38.9 39.2 34.1 42.0 37.8 37.8 41.1 38.6 34.6
## [16] 36.6 38.7 42.5 34.4 46.0 37.8 37.7 35.9 38.2 38.8 35.3 40.6 40.5 37.9 40.5
## [31] 39.5 37.2 39.5 40.9 36.4 39.2 38.8 42.2 37.6 39.8 36.5 40.8 36.0 44.1 37.0
## [46] 39.6 41.1 37.5 36.0 42.3 39.6 40.1 35.0 42.0 34.5 41.4 39.0 40.6 36.5 37.6
## [61] 35.7 41.3 37.6 41.1 36.4 41.6 35.5 41.1 35.9 41.8 33.5 39.7 39.6 45.8 35.5
## [76] 42.8 40.9 37.2 36.2 42.1 34.6 42.9 36.7 35.1 37.3 41.3 36.3 36.9 38.3 38.9
## [91] 35.7 41.1 34.0 39.6 36.2 40.8 38.1 40.3 33.1 43.2 35.0 41.0 37.7 37.8 37.9
## [106] 39.7 38.6 38.2 38.1 43.2 38.1 45.6 39.7 42.2 39.6 42.7 38.6 37.3 35.7 41.1
## [121] 36.2 37.7 40.2 41.4 35.2 40.6 38.8 41.5 39.0 44.1 38.5 43.1 36.8 37.5 38.1
## [136] 41.1 35.6 40.2 37.0 39.7 40.2 40.6 32.1 40.7 37.3 39.0 39.2 36.6 36.0 37.8
## [151] 36.0 41.5 46.1 50.0 48.7 50.0 47.6 46.5 45.4 46.7 43.3 46.8 40.9 49.0 45.5
## [166] 48.4 45.8 49.3 42.0 49.2 46.2 48.7 50.2 45.1 46.5 46.3 42.9 46.1 44.5 47.8
## [181] 48.2 50.0 47.3 42.8 45.1 59.6 49.1 48.4 42.6 44.4 44.0 48.7 42.7 49.6 45.3
## [196] 49.6 50.5 43.6 45.5 50.5 44.9 45.2 46.6 48.5 45.1 50.1 46.5 45.0 43.8 45.5
## [211] 43.2 50.4 45.3 46.2 45.7 54.3 45.8 49.8 46.2 49.5 43.5 50.7 47.7 46.4 48.2
## [226] 46.5 46.4 48.6 47.5 51.1 45.2 45.2 49.1 52.5 47.4 50.0 44.9 50.8 43.4 51.3
## [241] 47.5 52.1 47.5 52.2 45.5 49.5 44.5 50.8 49.4 46.9 48.4 51.1 48.5 55.9 47.2
## [256] 49.1 47.3 46.8 41.7 53.4 43.3 48.1 50.5 49.8 43.5 51.5 46.2 55.1 44.5 48.8
## [271] 47.2 NA 46.8 50.4 45.2 49.9 46.5 50.0 51.3 45.4 52.7 45.2 46.1 51.3 46.0
## [286] 51.3 46.6 51.7 47.0 52.0 45.9 50.5 50.3 58.0 46.4 49.2 42.4 48.5 43.2 50.6
## [301] 46.7 52.0 50.5 49.5 46.4 52.8 40.9 54.2 42.5 51.0 49.7 47.5 47.6 52.0 46.9
## [316] 53.5 49.0 46.2 50.9 45.5 50.9 50.8 50.1 49.0 51.5 49.8 48.1 51.4 45.7 50.7
## [331] 42.5 52.2 45.2 49.3 50.2 45.6 51.9 46.8 45.7 55.8 43.5 49.6 50.8 50.2mean(penguins$bill_length_mm, na.rm = TRUE)## [1] 43.92193How many penguins are female in the sample?
penguins$sex## [1] male female female <NA> female male female male <NA> <NA>
## [11] <NA> <NA> female male male female female male female male
## [21] female male female male male female male female female male
## [31] female male female male female male male female female male
## [41] female male female male female male male <NA> female male
## [51] female male female male female male female male female male
## [61] female male female male female male female male female male
## [71] female male female male female male female male female male
## [81] female male female male female male male female male female
## [91] female male female male female male female male female male
## [101] female male female male female male female male female male
## [111] female male female male female male female male female male
## [121] female male female male female male female male female male
## [131] female male female male female male female male female male
## [141] female male female male female male male female female male
## [151] female male female male female male male female female male
## [161] female male female male female male female male female male
## [171] female male male female female male female male <NA> male
## [181] female male male female female male female male female male
## [191] female male female male female male male female female male
## [201] female male female male female male female male female male
## [211] female male female male female male female male <NA> male
## [221] female male female male male female female male female male
## [231] female male female male female male female male female male
## [241] female male female male female male female male male female
## [251] female male female male female male <NA> male female male
## [261] female male female male female male female male <NA> male
## [271] female <NA> female male female male female male male female
## [281] male female female male female male female male female male
## [291] female male male female female male female male female male
## [301] female male female male female male female male female male
## [311] male female female male female male male female male female
## [321] female male female male male female female male female male
## [331] female male female male male female male female female male
## [341] female male male female
## Levels: female malesummary(penguins$sex)## female male NA's
## 165 168 11How much did the smallest penguin weigh?
penguins$body_mass_g## [1] 3750 3800 3250 NA 3450 3650 3625 4675 3475 4250 3300 3700 3200 3800 4400
## [16] 3700 3450 4500 3325 4200 3400 3600 3800 3950 3800 3800 3550 3200 3150 3950
## [31] 3250 3900 3300 3900 3325 4150 3950 3550 3300 4650 3150 3900 3100 4400 3000
## [46] 4600 3425 2975 3450 4150 3500 4300 3450 4050 2900 3700 3550 3800 2850 3750
## [61] 3150 4400 3600 4050 2850 3950 3350 4100 3050 4450 3600 3900 3550 4150 3700
## [76] 4250 3700 3900 3550 4000 3200 4700 3800 4200 3350 3550 3800 3500 3950 3600
## [91] 3550 4300 3400 4450 3300 4300 3700 4350 2900 4100 3725 4725 3075 4250 2925
## [106] 3550 3750 3900 3175 4775 3825 4600 3200 4275 3900 4075 2900 3775 3350 3325
## [121] 3150 3500 3450 3875 3050 4000 3275 4300 3050 4000 3325 3500 3500 4475 3425
## [136] 3900 3175 3975 3400 4250 3400 3475 3050 3725 3000 3650 4250 3475 3450 3750
## [151] 3700 4000 4500 5700 4450 5700 5400 4550 4800 5200 4400 5150 4650 5550 4650
## [166] 5850 4200 5850 4150 6300 4800 5350 5700 5000 4400 5050 5000 5100 4100 5650
## [181] 4600 5550 5250 4700 5050 6050 5150 5400 4950 5250 4350 5350 3950 5700 4300
## [196] 4750 5550 4900 4200 5400 5100 5300 4850 5300 4400 5000 4900 5050 4300 5000
## [211] 4450 5550 4200 5300 4400 5650 4700 5700 4650 5800 4700 5550 4750 5000 5100
## [226] 5200 4700 5800 4600 6000 4750 5950 4625 5450 4725 5350 4750 5600 4600 5300
## [241] 4875 5550 4950 5400 4750 5650 4850 5200 4925 4875 4625 5250 4850 5600 4975
## [256] 5500 4725 5500 4700 5500 4575 5500 5000 5950 4650 5500 4375 5850 4875 6000
## [271] 4925 NA 4850 5750 5200 5400 3500 3900 3650 3525 3725 3950 3250 3750 4150
## [286] 3700 3800 3775 3700 4050 3575 4050 3300 3700 3450 4400 3600 3400 2900 3800
## [301] 3300 4150 3400 3800 3700 4550 3200 4300 3350 4100 3600 3900 3850 4800 2700
## [316] 4500 3950 3650 3550 3500 3675 4450 3400 4300 3250 3675 3325 3950 3600 4050
## [331] 3350 3450 3250 4050 3800 3525 3950 3650 3650 4000 3400 3775 4100 3775min(penguins$body_mass_g, na.rm = TRUE)## [1] 2700